/**
 * Deterministic, seedable PRNG for procedural generation.
 *
 * Rules of the road (see docs/PROJECT_NOTES.md → "World model"):
 *  - same seed + same call sequence ⇒ same results, always;
 *  - every derived stream is LABELLED (e.g. 'system:S000123'), so
 *    generating system A before or after system B never changes what
 *    either one draws. That's the property that lets us generate the
 *    whole galaxy's *roster* up front but defer each system's actual
 *    contents until the player arrives — lazy and eager generation
 *    produce identical results.
 *
 * Pure ES module, no Phaser — runs in the browser and in Node
 * (dev/*.test.mjs).
 */

// xmur3 — 32-bit string hash (the "mur" family).
function xmur3(str) {
  let h = 1779033703 ^ str.length;
  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    h = Math.imul(h ^ str.charCodeAt(i), 3432918353);
    h = (h << 13) | (h >>> 19);
  }
  return () => {
    h = (h ^ (h >>> 16)) >>> 0;
    h = Math.imul(h, 2246822507);
    h = (h ^ (h >>> 13)) >>> 0;
    h = Math.imul(h, 3266489909);
    return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) >>> 0;
  };
}

function hashSeed(seed) {
  return xmur3(String(seed))();
}

// mulberry32 — tiny, fast 32-bit generator. Plenty for worldgen;
// not for anything cryptographic.
function mulberry32(state) {
  let a = state >>> 0;
  return () => {
    a = (a + 0x6d2b79f5) | 0;
    let t = Math.imul(a ^ (a >>> 15), 1 | a);
    t = (t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), 61 | t)) ^ t;
    return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
  };
}

export class Rng {
  /** @param {string|number} seed — anything; it's hashed to a 32-bit state */
  constructor(seed) {
    if (seed === undefined || seed === null || String(seed).length === 0) {
      throw new Error('Rng requires a non-empty seed');
    }
    this.seed = String(seed);
    this._gen = mulberry32(hashSeed(this.seed));
    this._spareNormal = null;
  }

  /** @returns {number} uniform float in [0, 1) */
  next() {
    return this._gen();
  }

  /** @returns {number} uniform float in [min, max) */
  range(min, max) {
    return min + this.next() * (max - min);
  }

  /** @returns {number} uniform integer in [min, max], inclusive */
  int(min, max) {
    return Math.floor(this.next() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
  }

  /** @returns {boolean} true with probability p */
  chance(p) {
    return this.next() < Math.min(1, Math.max(0, p ?? 0));
  }

  /** @returns {*} a random element of the array (undefined if empty) */
  pick(arr) {
    if (!Array.isArray(arr) || arr.length === 0) return undefined;
    return arr[Math.floor(this.next() * arr.length)];
  }

  /**
   * Weighted pick. Entries: { a: 30, b: 70 } or [[ 'a', 30 ], [ 'b', 70 ]].
   * @returns {*} a key, or `fallback` if every weight is 0
   */
  weighted(entries, fallback = undefined) {
    const pairs = Array.isArray(entries) ? entries : Object.entries(entries);
    if (pairs.length === 0) return fallback;
    const total = pairs.reduce((sum, [, w]) => sum + (w > 0 ? w : 0), 0);
    if (total <= 0) return fallback;
    let u = this.next() * total;
    for (const [key, w] of pairs) {
      if (w <= 0) continue;
      if (u < w) return key;
      u -= w;
    }
    return pairs[pairs.length - 1][0];
  }

  /** Fisher–Yates. Returns a NEW array; the input is untouched. */
  shuffle(arr) {
    const out = Array.from(arr);
    for (let i = out.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
      const j = Math.floor(this.next() * (i + 1));
      [out[i], out[j]] = [out[j], out[i]];
    }
    return out;
  }

  /** Standard normal (Box–Muller, with a cached spare), scaled to mean/sd. */
  normal(mean = 0, sd = 1) {
    if (this._spareNormal !== null) {
      const spare = this._spareNormal;
      this._spareNormal = null;
      return mean + sd * spare;
    }
    let u = 0, v = 0, s = 0;
    do {
      u = 2 * this.next() - 1;
      v = 2 * this.next() - 1;
      s = u * u + v * v;
    } while (s >= 1 || s === 0);
    const m = Math.sqrt((-2 * Math.log(s)) / s);
    this._spareNormal = v * m;
    return mean + sd * (u * m);
  }

  /**
   * A child stream derived from THIS seed plus labels. Independent of the
   * parent's state: drawing from the parent afterwards does not change it,
   * and two forks with the same labels always agree.
   */
  fork(...labels) {
    return Rng.derive(this.seed, ...labels);
  }

  /**
   * Derive an independent stream from a seed + purpose labels, e.g.
   *   Rng.derive(galaxySeed, 'system', 'S000123')
   * Same arguments ⇒ same stream, always.
   */
  static derive(seed, ...labels) {
    const key = [seed, ...labels].map((x) => String(x)).join('\u0000');
    return new Rng(key);
  }

  /**
   * A fresh, NON-deterministic seed string (for "roll a new galaxy").
   * Deliberately NOT one of the PRNG streams — this is the human's
   * free will picking a point in seed space.
   */
  static randomSeedString(len = 8) {
    const alphabet = 'abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz23456789';
    let out = '';
    const cryptoObj = globalThis.crypto;
    if (cryptoObj && typeof cryptoObj.getRandomValues === 'function') {
      const buf = new Uint32Array(len);
      cryptoObj.getRandomValues(buf);
      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) out += alphabet[buf[i] % alphabet.length];
    } else {
      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        out += alphabet[Math.floor(Math.random() * alphabet.length)];
      }
    }
    return out;
  }
}