diff --git a/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4 b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7e02a7
Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4 differ
diff --git a/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4 b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b061743
Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4 differ
diff --git a/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4 b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a38c866
Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4 differ
diff --git a/data/mastervega-artwork.json b/data/mastervega-artwork.json
index 6748c58..082a73d 100644
--- a/data/mastervega-artwork.json
+++ b/data/mastervega-artwork.json
@@ -128,17 +128,53 @@
     "radiated": { "key": "vega-colony-radiated", "path": "assets/videos/vega/colony-radiated.mp4" }
   },
 
-  "_audienceVideosReadme": "Audience-screen MOOD clips for the full-screen diplomacy interface — one per diplomacy-capable species x {angry, neutral, happy}, 3:2 (e.g. 1200x800 or 1080x720), muted, looping. Lithox has no entry at all: canNegotiate() is permanently false for them (traits.diplomacy <= -100), so the Audience screen never opens for that species and a clip would never play. A species entirely absent (null) or a mood missing inside a recorded species falls back to that species' portraitVideos clip (256x256, letterboxed to 3:2), then to portraitStills — same three-tier fallback convention as makeSpeciesPortrait, so the roster fills one species (or one mood) at a time with no code change. Naming: assets/videos/vega/audience-<speciesId>-<mood>.mp4.",
+  "_audienceVideosReadme": "Audience-screen MOOD clips for the full-screen diplomacy interface — one per diplomacy-capable species x {angry, neutral, happy}, muted, looping. Recorded at 896x576 (1.5556:1, close to but not exactly the 3:2 the VegaAudience.js frame is cut to — the clip is scaled by WIDTH only, never setDisplaySize, so it sits slightly short of the frame's full height rather than being stretched). Lithox has no entry at all: canNegotiate() is permanently false for them (traits.diplomacy <= -100), so the Audience screen never opens for that species and a clip would never play. A species entirely absent (null) or a mood missing inside a recorded species falls back to that species' portraitVideos clip (256x256, letterboxed to 3:2), then to portraitStills — same three-tier fallback convention as makeSpeciesPortrait, so the roster fills one species (or one mood) at a time with no code change. Naming: assets/videos/vega/audience-<speciesId>-<mood>.mp4.",
   "audienceVideos": {
-    "human": null,
-    "kestrelli": null,
-    "ursaal": null,
-    "umbrix": null,
-    "kkrix": null,
-    "mekhan": null,
-    "rrashaa": null,
-    "cerebrai": null,
-    "ssakar": null
+    "human": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "kestrelli": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "ursaal": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "umbrix": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "kkrix": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "mekhan": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "rrashaa": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "cerebrai": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    },
+    "ssakar": {
+      "angry":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-angry",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-angry.mp4" },
+      "neutral": { "key": "vega-audience-human-neutral", "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-neutral.mp4" },
+      "happy":   { "key": "vega-audience-human-happy",   "path": "assets/videos/vega/audience-human-happy.mp4" }
+    }
   },
 
   "sheets": {
diff --git a/data/mastervega-rules.json b/data/mastervega-rules.json
index 709599d..ef64e11 100644
--- a/data/mastervega-rules.json
+++ b/data/mastervega-rules.json
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
     { "id": "scout",       "name": "Scout",       "role": "recon",   "baseCost": 18,  "baseHp": 10,  "space": 0,  "speedBonus": 2, "rangeBonus": 3, "frame": 0, "desc": "Unarmed, fast and long-legged. Peels back the dark." },
     { "id": "colonyship",  "name": "Colony Ship", "role": "colony",  "baseCost": 100, "baseHp": 18,  "space": 0,  "speedBonus": 0, "rangeBonus": 0, "frame": 1, "desc": "Carries a founding population. Consumed on arrival." },
     { "id": "transport",   "name": "Troop Transport","role": "troops","baseCost": 40, "baseHp": 20,  "space": 0,  "speedBonus": 0, "rangeBonus": 0, "frame": 2, "troops": 4, "desc": "Four divisions of marines for boarding and invasion." },
+    { "id": "poptransport","name": "Colony Transport","role": "colony","baseCost": 30,"baseHp": 20,  "space": 0,  "speedBonus": 0, "rangeBonus": 0, "frame": 2, "desc": "Ferries colonists between worlds you already hold. Dispatched directly from a colony's Send Population order, never built from the queue — shares the Troop Transport's hull picture (frame 2, the ships sheet is full at 8 columns)." },
     { "id": "frigate",     "name": "Frigate",     "role": "warship", "baseCost": 35,  "baseHp": 18,  "space": 6,  "speedBonus": 1, "rangeBonus": 1, "frame": 3, "desc": "Cheap escort. Screens the line and hunts scouts." },
     { "id": "destroyer",   "name": "Destroyer",   "role": "warship", "baseCost": 90,  "baseHp": 40,  "space": 14, "speedBonus": 1, "rangeBonus": 0, "frame": 4, "desc": "The workhorse combatant of any mid-game fleet." },
     { "id": "cruiser",     "name": "Cruiser",     "role": "warship", "baseCost": 240, "baseHp": 100, "space": 32, "speedBonus": 0, "rangeBonus": 0, "frame": 5, "desc": "Heavy line ship. Expensive enough to hurt when it dies." },
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/MasterOfVegaGame.js b/src/games/mastervega/MasterOfVegaGame.js
index 4430b98..dd922f9 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/MasterOfVegaGame.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/MasterOfVegaGame.js
@@ -890,6 +890,8 @@ export default class MasterOfVegaGame extends Phaser.Scene {
         // A held peace/alliance offer — not urgent enough to interrupt with a
         // popup, but discoverable next time Diplomacy is opened.
         this.log(`The ${name(ev.empire)} seek an audience.`);
+      } else if (ev.type === 'populationDelivered') {
+        this.log(`${ev.amount.toFixed(1)} population arrived at ${star?.name}.`);
       }
     }
     return notable;
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/VegaAudience.js b/src/games/mastervega/VegaAudience.js
index 1e9b08d..0f35f94 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/VegaAudience.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/VegaAudience.js
@@ -147,52 +147,89 @@ function buildLetterboxedFallback(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, w, h) {
   return container;
 }
 
-function buildMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, mood, x, y, w, h, parent) {
-  let obj;
-  if (hasAudienceVideo(scene, speciesId, mood)) {
-    obj = scene.add.video(x, y, audienceVideoKey(speciesId, mood));
-    obj.setMute(true);
-    obj.setLoop(true);
-    const fit = () => obj.setScale(w / sourceWidth(obj, w));
-    fit();
-    obj.on('created', fit);
-    obj.on('playing', fit);
-    obj.play(true);
-  } else {
-    obj = buildLetterboxedFallback(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, w, h);
-  }
-  parent.add(obj);
-  return obj;
-}
-
 // `parent` is the container these objects are added to (so they inherit the
 // screen's depth tier and are torn down for free when it is destroyed —
 // Container.destroy() recurses into its children, same as VegaColonyIntro's
 // video: "destroys the video with it, which is what stops its decoder").
-function createMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, w, h, parent) {
+//
+// Unlike the colony-founding clip, these carry NO audio at all — muted for
+// their whole life, never unmuted — so there is no applyAudio()-style
+// re-assertion to worry about. They DO share the colony clip's "plays once,
+// holds the last frame, replay badge" contract: `onEndedChanged(ended)`
+// fires whenever the CURRENTLY shown video's ended state should be reflected
+// by the caller's replay badge — on first build, on every show() (so
+// swapping back to an already-finished mood re-arms the badge immediately),
+// on the video's own 'complete' event, and on an explicit replay() call.
+function createMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, w, h, parent, onEndedChanged) {
   const anyClip = MOODS.some((m) => hasAudienceVideo(scene, speciesId, m));
   if (!anyClip) {
     // Nothing to visually swap, but `current` still has to track the real
     // mood — otherwise afterAction()'s "did the tier change" check compares
     // against a value that never updates and fires the glow pulse on every
-    // single action regardless of whether the mood actually moved.
+    // single action regardless of whether the mood actually moved. The
+    // fallback (a species portrait, video or still) is not a "clip" in the
+    // play-once sense, so there is nothing to replay.
     const shared = buildLetterboxedFallback(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, w, h);
     parent.add(shared);
     let current = null;
-    return { show(mood) { current = mood; }, get current() { return current; } };
+    return {
+      show(mood) { current = mood; }, get current() { return current; }, replay() {},
+    };
   }
-  const built = {};
+  const built = {}; // mood -> { obj, ended }
   let current = null;
+
+  function build(mood) {
+    const obj = scene.add.video(x, y, audienceVideoKey(speciesId, mood));
+    obj.setMute(true);
+    // Plays once and holds the last frame — an ended HTMLVideoElement stops
+    // on its final frame and the texture keeps it, so ending IS the still.
+    // Same contract as VegaColonyIntro's clip, minus the audio.
+    obj.setLoop(false);
+    const fit = () => obj.setScale(w / sourceWidth(obj, w));
+    fit();
+    obj.on('created', fit);
+    obj.on('playing', fit);
+    const entry = { obj, ended: false };
+    // Not `once` — a replayed clip fires 'complete' again every time it ends.
+    obj.on('complete', () => {
+      entry.ended = true;
+      if (current === mood) onEndedChanged?.(true);
+    });
+    obj.play(false);
+    parent.add(obj);
+    built[mood] = entry;
+    return entry;
+  }
+
   return {
     show(mood) {
       if (current === mood) return;
-      if (built[current]) { built[current].setVisible(false); built[current].pause?.(); }
-      if (!built[mood]) built[mood] = buildMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, mood, x, y, w, h, parent);
-      built[mood].setVisible(true);
-      built[mood].play?.(true);
+      if (built[current]) { built[current].obj.setVisible(false); built[current].obj.pause(); }
+      let entry = built[mood];
+      if (!entry) entry = build(mood);
+      else {
+        entry.obj.setVisible(true);
+        // Only resume playback if it never finished — an ended video's
+        // `.play()`/`.resume()` seeks back to 0 on some browsers, which
+        // would silently replay it just for being swapped back to.
+        if (!entry.ended) entry.obj.resume();
+      }
       current = mood;
+      onEndedChanged?.(entry.ended);
     },
     get current() { return current; },
+    replay() {
+      const entry = built[current];
+      if (!entry) return;
+      entry.ended = false;
+      onEndedChanged?.(false);
+      // A genuine replay: Phaser's completeHandler cleared `_playCalled` when
+      // the clip ended, and an ended element seeks back to 0 of its own
+      // accord when play() is called on it (verified against VegaColonyIntro's
+      // identical replay mechanism).
+      entry.obj.play(false);
+    },
   };
 }
 
@@ -216,6 +253,10 @@ const VIDEO_Y = 190;
 const VIDEO_W = 1080;
 const VIDEO_H = 720; // 3:2
 
+/** The replay badge, inset from the video's bottom-right corner. */
+const REPLAY_R = 26;
+const REPLAY_PAD = 18;
+
 const CHAT_X = VIDEO_X + VIDEO_W + 60;
 const CHAT_W = GAME_WIDTH - CHAT_X - 70;
 const CHAT_Y = VIDEO_Y;
@@ -283,7 +324,36 @@ export function openAudienceScreen(scene, rules, state, me, otherIdx, art, onClo
   frame.add(scene.add.rectangle(VIDEO_X - 8, VIDEO_Y - 8, VIDEO_W + 16, VIDEO_H + 16, PANEL, 0.55)
     .setOrigin(0, 0).setStrokeStyle(1.5, ACCENT, 0.5));
   frame.add(cornerTicks(scene, VIDEO_X - 8, VIDEO_Y - 8, VIDEO_W + 16, VIDEO_H + 16, speciesColor, 26));
-  const moodVisual = createMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, videoCx, videoCy, VIDEO_W, VIDEO_H, frame);
+
+  // --- replay badge: armed whenever the currently-shown mood clip has
+  // played through once. Built once, over the whole picture (clicking
+  // anywhere on it replays), same shape as VegaColonyIntro's — minus audio,
+  // since these clips are muted for their whole life.
+  const replayHit = scene.add.rectangle(videoCx, videoCy, VIDEO_W, VIDEO_H, 0xffffff, 0.001)
+    .setInteractive({ useHandCursor: true }).setVisible(false);
+  const replayBadge = scene.add.container(
+    videoCx + VIDEO_W / 2 - REPLAY_PAD - REPLAY_R,
+    videoCy + VIDEO_H / 2 - REPLAY_PAD - REPLAY_R,
+  ).setVisible(false);
+  replayBadge.add(scene.add.circle(0, 0, REPLAY_R, PANEL, 0.82).setStrokeStyle(2, ACCENT, 0.95));
+  replayBadge.add(scene.add.triangle(3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 22, 19, 11, 0xe8f4ff));
+  function armReplay(on) {
+    replayHit.setVisible(on);
+    replayBadge.setVisible(on).setScale(1);
+    if (!on) return;
+    replayBadge.setAlpha(0);
+    scene.tweens.add({ targets: replayBadge, alpha: 1, duration: 260, ease: 'Cubic.easeOut' });
+  }
+  replayHit.on('pointerover', () => replayBadge.setScale(1.1));
+  replayHit.on('pointerout', () => replayBadge.setScale(1));
+  replayHit.on('pointerup', () => moodVisual.replay());
+
+  const moodVisual = createMoodVisual(scene, rules, art, speciesId, videoCx, videoCy, VIDEO_W, VIDEO_H, frame,
+    armReplay);
+  // Added after the video(s) so the hit zone and badge sit on top of them —
+  // a Container renders its children in insertion order and ignores depth.
+  frame.add(replayHit);
+  frame.add(replayBadge);
   const glow = scene.add.graphics().setAlpha(0);
   frame.add(glow);
   scene.tweens.add({ targets: frame, alpha: 1, scale: 1, duration: 220, ease: 'Cubic.easeOut' });
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/VegaColonyView.js b/src/games/mastervega/VegaColonyView.js
index e8f2908..70f9418 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/VegaColonyView.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/VegaColonyView.js
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import {
   CHANNELS, colonyMaxPop, colonyProduction, colonyFactoryCap, effectiveFactories,
   colonyDefenseCap, colonyTrade, colonyBuildRate, setSlider, enqueue, enqueueMany,
   dequeue, collapseQueue, moveQueueRun, queueItemCost, queueEtas, empireDesign,
+  empireColonies, maxSendablePopulation, sendPopulation, etaTo,
 } from './VegaLogic.js';
 
 const ACCENT = 0x6fc4ff;
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@ export function openColonyView(scene, rules, state, colony, art, opts = {}) {
     if (closed) return;
     closed = true;
     detail?.close();
+    closeTransportPicker();
     dropScrollers();
     // Out of the tree first, or root.destroy() takes it and pool.destroy()
     // then runs against a corpse.
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ export function openColonyView(scene, rules, state, colony, art, opts = {}) {
     // So the two lists below give way rather than spilling past the frame, the
     // same way VegaSidePanel's `room()` works. The status block and the sliders
     // are never allowed to be the thing that gets dropped.
-    const buttonY = PANEL_Y + PANEL_H - 76;
+    const buttonY = PANEL_Y + PANEL_H - 76 - 56;
     const room = (px) => y + px < buttonY - 12;
 
     // --- what is being built
@@ -415,6 +417,12 @@ export function openColonyView(scene, rules, state, colony, art, opts = {}) {
     }
 
     y = buttonY;
+    const sendBtn = add(new Button(scene, PANEL_X + PANEL_W / 2, y + 22,
+      'Send Population', openTransportPicker, { width: w, height: 44, fontSize: 18 }));
+    if (maxSendablePopulation(colony) <= 0 || empireColonies(state, colony.empireIdx).length < 2) {
+      sendBtn.setEnabled(false);
+    }
+    y += 56;
     add(new Button(scene, PANEL_X + PANEL_W / 2, y + 24,
       flyOpen ? 'Close Build Queue' : 'Build Queue', toggleFlyout,
       { width: w, height: 48, fontSize: 20 }));
@@ -614,6 +622,8 @@ export function openColonyView(scene, rules, state, colony, art, opts = {}) {
     const turns = (cost) => (rate > 0 ? `${Math.max(1, Math.ceil(cost / rate))} turns` : 'no budget');
 
     for (const hull of rules.hullList) {
+      // Dispatched directly by the Send Population order, never queued.
+      if (hull.id === 'poptransport') continue;
       const d = empireDesign(rules, state, colony.empireIdx, hull.id);
       entry({ hullId: hull.id },
         d.name, `${d.cost} BC  ·  ${turns(d.cost)}  ·  ${hull.desc}`, '#9fd8ff',
@@ -665,6 +675,136 @@ export function openColonyView(scene, rules, state, colony, art, opts = {}) {
     r.on('pointerup', (p) => { if (!guard || guard.contains(p)) fn(); });
   }
 
+  // ------------------------------------------------- population transport
+  //
+  // MOO1-style: a self-contained overlay opened from the panel — pick one of
+  // your other colonies, dial an amount up to what the source can spare, and
+  // send it. Dispatches through Logic.sendPopulation(), which builds the
+  // 'poptransport' fleet already in transit; delivery on arrival is automatic
+  // (VegaLogic.js's moveFleets), so there is no separate "unload" step here.
+
+  const TW = 640;
+  const TH = 520;
+  const TX = (GAME_WIDTH - TW) / 2;
+  const TY = (GAME_HEIGHT - TH) / 2;
+
+  let transportLayer = null;
+  let listCol = null; // tracked so its wheel listener is unhooked on every rebuild, not just on close
+
+  function closeTransportPicker() {
+    listCol?.destroy();
+    listCol = null;
+    transportLayer?.destroy();
+    transportLayer = null;
+  }
+
+  function openTransportPicker() {
+    if (transportLayer) return;
+    const others = empireColonies(state, colony.empireIdx).filter((c) => c.id !== colony.id);
+    let dest = others[0] ?? null;
+    let amount = 1;
+
+    transportLayer = scene.add.container(0, 0);
+    root.add(transportLayer);
+
+    const renderTransport = () => {
+      listCol?.destroy();
+      listCol = null;
+      transportLayer.removeAll(true);
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.rectangle(0, 0, GAME_WIDTH, GAME_HEIGHT, 0x00060e, 0.6)
+        .setOrigin(0, 0).setInteractive());
+      frame(scene, transportLayer, TX, TY, TW, TH, 0.97);
+
+      const x = TX + PAD;
+      const w = TW - PAD * 2;
+      let y = TY + 24;
+
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y, 'SEND POPULATION', {
+        fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '24px', color: '#cfe8ff',
+      }));
+      transportLayer.add(new Button(scene, TX + TW - 38, y + 14, '✕', closeTransportPicker,
+        { width: 40, height: 36, fontSize: 18, variant: 'ghost' }));
+      y += 46;
+
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y,
+        `From ${star.name} ${ORBIT[colony.orbit] ?? colony.orbit + 1} — ${colony.pop.toFixed(1)} population`, {
+          fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '15px', color: '#9fb6cc',
+        }));
+      y += 34;
+
+      if (!others.length) {
+        transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y, 'No other colonies to send population to.', {
+          fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '15px', color: '#6f8aa3',
+        }));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y, 'DESTINATION', {
+        fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '13px', color: '#6f8aa3',
+      }));
+      y += 20;
+
+      const listH = 220;
+      listCol = scrollColumn(scene, transportLayer, x, y, w, listH);
+      let ly = 0;
+      others.forEach((c) => {
+        const dStar = state.galaxy.stars[c.starIdx];
+        const selected = dest?.id === c.id;
+        const row = scene.add.rectangle(0, ly, w, 42, selected ? 0x22405f : 0x0f1a2c, selected ? 0.9 : 0.5)
+          .setOrigin(0, 0).setStrokeStyle(1, ACCENT, selected ? 0.7 : 0.2)
+          .setInteractive({ useHandCursor: true });
+        row.on('pointerup', (p) => { if (listCol.contains(p)) { dest = c; renderTransport(); } });
+        listCol.content.add(row);
+        const eta = etaTo(rules, state, { starIdx: colony.starIdx, empireIdx: colony.empireIdx },
+          c.starIdx, [{ hullId: 'poptransport', mark: 1, count: 1 }]);
+        listCol.content.add(scene.add.text(12, ly + 6, `${dStar.name} ${ORBIT[c.orbit] ?? c.orbit + 1}`, {
+          fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '16px', color: '#e8f4ff',
+        }));
+        listCol.content.add(scene.add.text(12, ly + 25,
+          `${c.pop.toFixed(1)} population  ·  ${Number.isFinite(eta) ? `${eta} turn${eta === 1 ? '' : 's'}` : 'unreachable'}`, {
+            fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '13px', color: '#8fa8c0',
+          }));
+        ly += 48;
+      });
+      listCol.contentHeight = ly;
+      y += listH + 20;
+
+      const cap = maxSendablePopulation(colony);
+      amount = Phaser.Math.Clamp(amount, 0, cap);
+
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y, 'AMOUNT TO SEND', {
+        fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '13px', color: '#6f8aa3',
+      }));
+      y += 24;
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y, amount.toFixed(1), {
+        fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '30px', color: '#ffd88a',
+      }));
+      const setAmount = (v) => { amount = Phaser.Math.Clamp(v, 0, cap); renderTransport(); };
+      pusher(transportLayer, x + 110, y + 15, '−', () => setAmount(amount - 1), amount > 0);
+      pusher(transportLayer, x + 142, y + 15, '+', () => setAmount(amount + 1), amount < cap);
+      transportLayer.add(new Button(scene, x + 200, y + 15, 'MAX', () => setAmount(cap),
+        { width: 66, height: 32, fontSize: 14, variant: 'ghost' }));
+      transportLayer.add(scene.add.text(x, y + 40, `${cap.toFixed(1)} available to send`, {
+        fontFamily: FONT, fontSize: '13px', color: '#6f8aa3',
+      }));
+      y += 76;
+
+      const canSend = !!dest && amount > 0;
+      const sendBtn = new Button(scene, TX + TW / 2, y + 22, 'Send', () => {
+        if (!dest) return;
+        if (sendPopulation(rules, state, colony.empireIdx, colony.starIdx, dest.starIdx, amount)) {
+          closeTransportPicker();
+          buildPanel();
+          onChanged?.();
+        }
+      }, { width: w, height: 44, fontSize: 18 });
+      if (!canSend) sendBtn.setEnabled(false);
+      transportLayer.add(sendBtn);
+    };
+
+    renderTransport();
+  }
+
   buildPanel();
   return { root, close };
 }
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/VegaLogic.js b/src/games/mastervega/VegaLogic.js
index aa4ce33..c2484b8 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/VegaLogic.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/VegaLogic.js
@@ -1029,8 +1029,10 @@ function moveFleets(rules, state, e) {
         pushEvent(state, { type: 'discovered', empire: e, starIdx: f.starIdx, turn: state.turn });
       }
       checkContactAt(rules, state, f.starIdx);
+      deliverPopulation(rules, state, f);
     }
   }
+  cleanFleets(state);
 }
 
 // Empires meet by sharing a system — a ship or colony of one sitting where a
@@ -1254,6 +1256,77 @@ export function colonize(rules, state, e, starIdx, orbit) {
   return true;
 }
 
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Population transport — MOO1's "send N population from one of your colonies
+// to another." Unlike colonize()'s colony ship, this never sits in a build
+// queue: the 'poptransport' hull (data/mastervega-rules.json) is dispatched
+// directly, in transit already, the instant the order is given, carrying
+// whatever amount was chosen as a payload on its own ship stack rather than a
+// fixed per-hull capacity. It rides the same movement/fuel-range/combat
+// machinery as any other fleet, so an unescorted transport crossing hostile
+// space is exactly as vulnerable as a colony ship would be.
+
+// A colony can never be fully emptied this way — same floor colony growth
+// itself never goes below (see the `Math.max(0.5, ...)` in processColony).
+const MIN_POP_LEFT_BEHIND = 0.5;
+
+export function maxSendablePopulation(colony) {
+  return Math.max(0, colony.pop - MIN_POP_LEFT_BEHIND);
+}
+
+export function sendPopulation(rules, state, e, fromStarIdx, toStarIdx, amount) {
+  if (fromStarIdx === toStarIdx) return false;
+  const colony = colonyAt(state, fromStarIdx);
+  if (!colony || colony.empireIdx !== e) return false;
+  const dest = colonyAt(state, toStarIdx);
+  if (!dest || dest.empireIdx !== e) return false;
+  const send = Math.min(amount, maxSendablePopulation(colony));
+  if (send <= 0) return false;
+
+  // Built directly in transit — see the module comment above for why this
+  // does not go through addFleet()/sendFleet() (which would first have to
+  // land in an idle fleet at the source, risking a merge with whatever is
+  // garrisoned there before it could be split back out).
+  const probe = { empireIdx: e, starIdx: fromStarIdx, toStar: -1, ships: [{ hullId: 'poptransport', mark: 1, count: 1 }] };
+  if (!canSendFleet(rules, state, probe, toStarIdx)) return false;
+
+  state.fleets.push({
+    id: state.nextFleetId += 1,
+    empireIdx: e,
+    starIdx: -1,
+    fromStar: fromStarIdx,
+    toStar: toStarIdx,
+    progress: 0,
+    total: parsecs(state.galaxy, fromStarIdx, toStarIdx),
+    ships: [{ hullId: 'poptransport', mark: 1, count: 1, popPayload: send }],
+  });
+  colony.pop -= send;
+  pushEvent(state, {
+    type: 'populationSent', empire: e, starIdx: fromStarIdx, toStarIdx, amount: send, turn: state.turn,
+  });
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Called from moveFleets the instant a poptransport fleet arrives. Delivers
+// to a still-friendly colony there and consumes the stack; if the star no
+// longer has a colony of ours (captured, or the fleet was mis-sent), the
+// payload just sits inert in orbit rather than being silently discarded, in
+// case the player wants to redirect it by hand later.
+function deliverPopulation(rules, state, f) {
+  const stack = f.ships.find((s) => s.hullId === 'poptransport' && s.popPayload > 0);
+  if (!stack) return;
+  const colony = colonyAt(state, f.starIdx);
+  if (!colony || colony.empireIdx !== f.empireIdx) return;
+  const maxPop = colonyMaxPop(rules, state, colony);
+  colony.pop = Math.min(maxPop, colony.pop + stack.popPayload);
+  pushEvent(state, {
+    type: 'populationDelivered', empire: f.empireIdx, starIdx: f.starIdx,
+    colonyId: colony.id, amount: stack.popPayload, turn: state.turn,
+  });
+  stack.count = 0;
+  stack.popPayload = 0;
+}
+
 // Orbital superiority at a system: our combat power there exceeds theirs.
 // Bombardment and invasion both require it.
 export function holdsOrbit(rules, state, e, starIdx, defenderIdx) {
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js b/src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js
index d64a4f2..2ee65db 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js
@@ -29,8 +29,17 @@ const SHIP_FRAME_PX = 192;
 
 export const shipVideoKey = (speciesId, hullId) => `vega-ship-${speciesId}-${hullId}`;
 
+// The Colony Transport ('poptransport') shares the Troop Transport's static
+// picture (same sheet frame — see data/mastervega-rules.json, the ships sheet
+// is full at 8 columns) but is deliberately given the COLONY SHIP's commander
+// clip instead: thematically the same kind of settlement run, and it means
+// every species with a colony-ship video already has one for this hull too,
+// with zero new video files. `shipVideoKey` itself stays a pure naming
+// function — the alias is applied only where a video is actually looked up.
+const VIDEO_HULL_ALIAS = { poptransport: 'colonyship' };
+
 export function hasShipVideo(scene, speciesId, hullId) {
-  return !!scene.cache.video?.exists(shipVideoKey(speciesId, hullId));
+  return !!scene.cache.video?.exists(shipVideoKey(speciesId, VIDEO_HULL_ALIAS[hullId] ?? hullId));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -61,7 +70,7 @@ export function makeCommanderPortrait(
   if (!hasShipVideo(scene, speciesId, hullId)) {
     return makeSpeciesPortrait(scene, rules, art, speciesId, x, y, size);
   }
-  const v = scene.add.video(x, y, shipVideoKey(speciesId, hullId));
+  const v = scene.add.video(x, y, shipVideoKey(speciesId, VIDEO_HULL_ALIAS[hullId] ?? hullId));
   v.setMute(true);
   v.setLoop(true);
   // Scale from the known source size rather than setDisplaySize — see
diff --git a/src/games/mastervega/VegaTurnReport.js b/src/games/mastervega/VegaTurnReport.js
index 2239a13..875df2f 100644
--- a/src/games/mastervega/VegaTurnReport.js
+++ b/src/games/mastervega/VegaTurnReport.js
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ export const NOTABLE_TYPES = new Set([
 //
 // `colonised` stays classified here even though it is no longer notable: the
 // ticker log runs every event past isRelevantToHuman() too.
-const PERSONAL_TYPES = new Set(['discovered', 'techDone', 'colonised', 'buildingDone', 'shipDone']);
+const PERSONAL_TYPES = new Set([
+  'discovered', 'techDone', 'colonised', 'buildingDone', 'shipDone',
+  'populationSent', 'populationDelivered',
+]);
 
 export function isRelevantToHuman(ev, me) {
   if (PERSONAL_TYPES.has(ev.type)) return ev.empire === me;
diff --git a/tools/verifyMasterOfVega.js b/tools/verifyMasterOfVega.js
index e0dbca5..90abcd0 100644
--- a/tools/verifyMasterOfVega.js
+++ b/tools/verifyMasterOfVega.js
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import { CHAT } from '../src/games/mastervega/VegaChat.js';
 import { NOTABLE_TYPES, describeEvent, TYPE_LABEL } from '../src/games/mastervega/VegaTurnReport.js';
 // Ship media is addressed here and nowhere else, so the key convention is
 // checkable without a canvas.
-import { shipVideoKey } from '../src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js';
+import { shipVideoKey, hasShipVideo } from '../src/games/mastervega/VegaShipMedia.js';
 // Dependency-free, so what the game room eagerly pulls is checkable here.
 import { resolveGameAssets } from '../src/data/assetManifest.js';
 
@@ -311,6 +311,27 @@ section('2. Procedural art');
   console.log(`     (${shipClips}/${RULES.speciesList.length * RULES.hullList.length} `
     + 'ship commander clips recorded; the rest fall back to the species portrait)');
 
+  // poptransport's commander clip is deliberately aliased to the colony
+  // ship's (VegaShipMedia.js) — same picture as the Troop Transport, but the
+  // "settlement run" video. hasShipVideo() takes a scene as a plain
+  // duck-typed parameter (no Phaser import in that module), so the alias is
+  // checkable here with a stub rather than needing a browser.
+  {
+    const stubScene = (cachedKeys) => ({ cache: { video: { exists: (k) => cachedKeys.has(k) } } });
+    const withColonyClip = stubScene(new Set([shipVideoKey('human', 'colonyship')]));
+    check('poptransport resolves to a video when the species has a colony-ship clip',
+      hasShipVideo(withColonyClip, 'human', 'poptransport'));
+    const withoutAnyClip = stubScene(new Set());
+    check('poptransport reports no video when the colony-ship clip is absent too',
+      !hasShipVideo(withoutAnyClip, 'human', 'poptransport'));
+    // A clip filed under poptransport's OWN key must NOT be what satisfies
+    // this — the alias means only the colony ship's key is ever consulted,
+    // and one under poptransport's own name is never expected to exist.
+    const onlyOwnKey = stubScene(new Set([shipVideoKey('human', 'poptransport')]));
+    check('the alias looks at the colony ship\'s key, not poptransport\'s own',
+      !hasShipVideo(onlyOwnKey, 'human', 'poptransport'));
+  }
+
   // Audience-screen mood clips: species -> {angry, neutral, happy}. Lithox
   // (diplomacy-incapable) must have NO entry at all — canNegotiate() is
   // permanently false for them, so the Audience screen never opens for that
@@ -883,6 +904,138 @@ section('4b. Fleet orders and detachments');
   }
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+section('4c. Population transport');
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+  // MOO1's "send N population from one colony to another" — dispatched
+  // directly as an already-in-transit 'poptransport' fleet (VegaLogic.js:
+  // sendPopulation), never built from a colony's queue.
+  const hull = RULES.hulls.poptransport;
+  check('the poptransport hull exists', !!hull);
+  check('poptransport shares the Troop Transport\'s sheet frame (no new art)',
+    hull?.frame === RULES.hulls.transport.frame);
+  check('poptransport is unarmed (space 0, matching its role)', hull?.space === 0);
+  check('poptransport carries no troops', !(hull?.troops > 0));
+
+  // 'large' + only two species maximises the odds of an unclaimed, in-range
+  // star existing near the human's homeworld to found a second colony on —
+  // same defensive style as section 6b's colonize() setup, which checks
+  // rather than assumes a settleable target exists.
+  function mkTwoColonyGame(seed) {
+    const st = Logic.createGame(RULES, {
+      sizeId: 'large', shapeId: 'cluster', seed, difficultyId: 'normal',
+      speciesIds: ['human', 'lithox'], humanIndex: 0,
+    });
+    st.rules = RULES;
+    const home = st.galaxy.homeIdx[0];
+    const target = Object.keys(Logic.reachableStars(RULES, st, 0)).map(Number)
+      .find((i) => i !== home && i !== st.galaxy.homeIdx[1]);
+    if (target === undefined) return { st, home, target: -1, second: null };
+    const second = Logic.foundColony(RULES, st, 0, target, 0, 5);
+    return { st, home, target, second };
+  }
+
+  {
+    const { st, home, target, second } = mkTwoColonyGame(4141);
+    check('the test galaxy offers a second site to found on', target >= 0);
+    if (target >= 0) {
+      const source = Logic.colonyAt(st, home);
+      const before = source.pop;
+      const cap = Logic.maxSendablePopulation(source);
+      check('maxSendablePopulation leaves the floor behind', cap === before - 0.5);
+
+      const ok = Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, target, cap);
+      check('sendPopulation succeeds for a reachable, owned destination', ok);
+      check('the source colony loses exactly what was sent', Math.abs(source.pop - 0.5) < 1e-9,
+        `${source.pop}`);
+
+      // Already in transit (starIdx -1), so it is found on state.fleets
+      // directly rather than fleetsAt(home) — fleetsAt filters by starIdx,
+      // which this fleet no longer has.
+      const fleet = st.fleets.find((f) => f.empireIdx === 0
+        && f.ships.some((s) => s.hullId === 'poptransport'));
+      check('a poptransport fleet departs immediately (already in transit)',
+        !!fleet && fleet.toStar === target && fleet.starIdx < 0);
+      check('the payload rides on the ship stack, not a fixed per-hull capacity',
+        Math.abs(fleet.ships[0].popPayload - cap) < 1e-9);
+
+      // Run it to arrival.
+      const destBefore = second.pop;
+      let turns = 0;
+      while (fleet.toStar >= 0 && turns < 200) { Logic.moveFleetsFor(RULES, st, 0); turns += 1; }
+      check('the transport arrives within a sane number of turns', turns < 200, `${turns}`);
+      // A near-total transfer from a mature homeworld can comfortably exceed
+      // a freshly founded colony's max population — delivery caps at that
+      // max rather than overflowing it, discarding the excess silently
+      // (a deliberate simplification: the sender's responsibility to check
+      // the destination has room, exactly like a colony ship arriving at a
+      // world already at capacity).
+      const maxPopSecond = Logic.colonyMaxPop(RULES, st, second);
+      check('arrival delivers the payload, capped at the destination\'s max population',
+        Math.abs(second.pop - Math.min(maxPopSecond, destBefore + cap)) < 1e-9,
+        `${second.pop} vs min(${maxPopSecond}, ${destBefore + cap})`);
+      check('the delivered payload never exceeds the destination\'s max population',
+        second.pop <= maxPopSecond + 1e-9);
+      check('the spent transport is cleaned up, not left idle forever',
+        !Logic.fleetsAt(st, target).some((f) => f.empireIdx === 0
+          && f.ships.some((s) => s.hullId === 'poptransport')));
+      check('a populationSent event was recorded',
+        st.events.some((e) => e.type === 'populationSent' && e.empire === 0 && e.starIdx === home));
+      check('a populationDelivered event was recorded',
+        st.events.some((e) => e.type === 'populationDelivered' && e.empire === 0 && e.starIdx === target));
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Guardrails: a colony can never be fully emptied, and a request beyond
+    // what is available is clamped rather than refused outright.
+    const { st, home, target } = mkTwoColonyGame(4242);
+    if (target >= 0) {
+      const source = Logic.colonyAt(st, home);
+      const cap = Logic.maxSendablePopulation(source);
+      const ok = Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, target, cap + 1000);
+      check('an oversized request is clamped to what the colony can spare', ok);
+      check('the source is left at exactly the floor', Math.abs(source.pop - 0.5) < 1e-9);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Refusals: not your colony, same star, not your destination, nothing to spare.
+    const { st, home, target } = mkTwoColonyGame(4343);
+    if (target >= 0) {
+      const enemyHome = st.galaxy.homeIdx[1];
+      check('sending from a colony you do not own is refused',
+        Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, enemyHome, target, 1) === false);
+      check('sending to a star with no colony of yours is refused',
+        Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, st.galaxy.homeIdx[1], 1) === false);
+      check('sending to the same star is refused',
+        Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, home, 1) === false);
+      const source = Logic.colonyAt(st, home);
+      source.pop = 0.5;
+      check('a colony already at the floor has nothing left to send',
+        Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, target, 1) === false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    // A poptransport in transit must never be swept up as invasion troops or
+    // combat power — it shares no hullId with 'transport' and has no weapons.
+    const { st, home, target } = mkTwoColonyGame(4444);
+    if (target >= 0) {
+      Logic.sendPopulation(RULES, st, 0, home, target, 1);
+      // Already in transit — see the note above about why this is
+      // state.fleets directly and not fleetsAt(home).
+      const fleet = st.fleets.find((f) => f.ships.some((s) => s.hullId === 'poptransport'));
+      check('invasionForecast ignores poptransport stacks',
+        Logic.invasionForecast(RULES, st, 1, home)?.troops === 0
+          || Logic.invasionForecast(RULES, st, 1, home) === null);
+      check('poptransport contributes no combat power',
+        Logic.fleetPower(RULES, st, fleet) === 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 section('5. Combat');
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------